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Objective To discuss the value of ABCD2 score in predicting medium and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods 184 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to department of neurology from March 2014 to December 2014 were selected as the research object.According to the ABCD2 score points prior to admission, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 40 cases in the low risk group, 76 in the moderate group and 68 in the high risk group based on whether or to what extent he was able to do self care.The phone call reviews were made for the clinical symptoms of patients discharged from the hospital after six months..According to the modified Rankin scale classification standard, the patients discharged from the hospital after six months were divided into 2 groups: 126 cases in the self-care group and 56 cases in care-needing group.The groups were compared in terms of conditions.Results The self-care rate in the low risk group was 90.00%, the moderate group 77.63% and the high-risk group 45.59%.The care needing rates in the three groups was 5%, 19.74% and 48.53%, respectively.The care needing rate in the low risk group was obviously lower than that in the moderate-risk group and the high risk group (P<0.05).The care needing rate in the moderate risk group was obviously lower than that in the high risk group (P< 0.05).The self-care rates in the low risk group and the moderate group were higher than that in the high risk group (P<0.05).Conclusion The ABCD2 score has a higher predictive value for medium and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Objective To investigate the application of improved ABCD2 scoring for predicting the onset of cerebral infarction within 7 days after transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods A total of 133 patients with TIA adnitted from July 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study.The ABCD2 scoring and ABCD2 combined with carotid ultrasound (CU) scoring were used to predict the risk of cerebral infarction occurred within 7 days after TIA.The univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to estimate the contribution of clinical risk factors to triggering the cerebral infarction within 7 days after TIA.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive value of two different kinds of scoring process in early cerebral infarction after TIA.Results Of 133 patients with TIA,35 (26.3％) suffered from cerebral infarction within 7 days after TIA.Univariate analysis showed cerebral infarction occurred within 7days after TIA was closely associated with BP≥ 140/90 mmHg,unilateral weakness,speech impairment,TIA duration ≥ 10 minutes,past history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,carotid plaque,and carotid stenosis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that unilateral weakness (OR =3.52,95％ CI:1.76-12.34),TIA duration ≥ 10 minutes (OR =2.45,95％ CI:1.06-9.27),diabetes mellitus (OR =3.37,95％ CI:1.27-10.94),past history of hypertension (OR =4.15,95％ CI:1.71-13.34),carotid plaque (OR =6.32,95％ CI:2.46-19.40),and carotid stenosis (OR =12.73,95％ CI:2.67-44.35) were significantly correlated with early onset of cerebral infarction after TIA (all P ＜ 0.05).The ROC analysis revealed the ABCD2-CU scoring (AUC =0.802,95％ CI:0.717-0.888,P =0.000) had a larger area under curve compared to ABCD2 scoring (AUC =0.614,95％ CI:0.511-0.717,P =0.036).Conclusions The ABCD2-CU scoring was more accurate in predicting the imminent risk of cerebral infarction in the patients with TIA compared to ABCD2 scoring.And ABCD2 scoring combined with carotid ultrasound could improve the accuracy for predicting the risk of cerebral infarction occurred within 7 days after TIA.
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Objective To analyze the evaluation value of ABCD2 combined with carotid ultrasound on the prediction of cerebral infarction after transient ischemic attack. Methods The clinical data of 133 patients with TIA admitted from July 2014 to December 2015 were analyzed. We score patients according to the standard of ABCD2 score and carotid ultrasound. The incidence of cerebral infarction within 7 days was observed. Results In the 133 TIA patients 35(26.3%) progressed to cerebral infarction. The 7-day incidence of cerebral infarction was 7.1% in patients with an ABCD2 score of low risk (0-3), 25% with a score of moderate risk(4-5), and 40% with a score of high risk(6-7). The difference of the incidence of cerebral infarction was significant between the low and moderate risk stratification (P < 0.05). The 7-day incidence of cerebral infarction was 39.5% in patients with carotid plaque and 75.0% in patients with carotid stenosis , both higher than the control group (P < 0.05). In the ABCD2 score ≥4 group, the incidence of cerebral infarction in the patients with abnormal carotid ultrasound was 38.4% ,significantly higher than the patients with normal carotid ultrasound (P < 0.05). Conclusions The ABCD2 score is effective to predict short-term risk of cerebral infarction in the patients with TIA. Combination with carotid ultrasound can improve the predictive accuracy of 7- day risk of cerebral infarction after TIA.
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Objective To investigate relationships between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods Forty hcalthy controls and 40 patients with TIA were enrolled in the present study.ABCD2 score was used to evaluate risk for future stroke.Serum ADMA levels were measured with ELISA analysis.Results Serum level of ADMA was higher in TIA group than that in control group [(0.52 ± 0.06) mmol/L vs (0.23 ± 0.04) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05].In TIA subgroup,19 cases(47.5％)developed cerebral infarction and 23 cases(57.5％)had no stroke history.There is positive correlation between serum ADMA levels and ABCD2 score in both cerebral infarction subjects (r =0.560,P =0.013),and no stroke history cases(r =0.602,P =0.002).TIA subjects were,then,divided in to two groups based on ABCD2 score as 0-3 group and ≥ 4 group.In general linear model analysis,ADMA level was associated with ABCD2 score (F =4.39,P =0.043) after adjusted for age and gender.This situation hold true for subjects within cerebral infarction group (F =7.327,P =0.017) or non-previous stroke group(F =12.300,P =0.002).No association could bc found between ADMA level and ABCD2 score grouping in subjects with non-infarct (F =0.523,P =0.675) or stroke history (F =0.274,P =0.609).Conclusions Elevated ADMA is associated with occurrence of TIA.Endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TIA.
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Objective To discuss the application of cephalocervical CT angiography (CTA) and ABCD2 score in evaluating arterial characteristics and interventional curative effect for patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods During the period from Jan. 2010 to Jan. 2012, a total of 64 patients with clinically-diagnosed TIA were admitted to authors’ hospital. ABCD2 score evaluation and cephalocervical CTA examination were performed in all patients. The correlation of stenotic degree and distribution of the cephalocervical arteries with the ABCD2 score was analyzed. According to the stenotic degree of the cephalocervical arteries, the patients were divided into low-risk group and mid-to-high-risk group. Twenty-two patients in mid-to-high-risk group received stenting angioplasty treatment. Follow-up was made at 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Results Of 64 TIA patients, cephalocervical artery stenosis was found in 52(81.25%) A total of 149 arterial segments were involved, including intracranial segment (n=81, 54.36%) and extracranial segment (n = 68, 45.64%). Patients in low-risk group mainly suffered slight or moderate arterial stenosis, while patients in mid-to-high-risk group had moderate or serious arterial stenosis (χ2 =10.126, P=0.018). The preoperative ABCD2 score was (6.41 ± 0.50). The ABCD2 scores determined at 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment decreased to(2.88 ± 0.69), (2.82 ± 0.63) and(3.00 ± 0.71), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (F = 86.657, P < 0.05). Conclusion Cephalocervical CT angiography and ABCD2 score can reliably evaluate the arterial stenosis and interventional curative results in TIA patients.
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Objective To evaluate whether ABCD2 score can discriminate dizziness patients with and without stroke. Methods This retrospective case-control observational study was conducted in 403 hospitalized patients. According to the final discharge diagnosis, the patients were divided into two groups:the stroke group and non-stroke group. The areas un-der the receiver-operator curves and 95%confidence intervals were then generated to estimate the diagnostic value. Re-sults ABCD2 score was higher in stroke group than in non-stroke group. Conclusions ABCD2 score can be used to quickly identify dizziness patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of cerebral infarction on pat ients with transient ischemicattack (TIA) by combining ABCD2 score and three imaging methods.MethodsFive hundred and seventy-eight patients with TIA visiting our hospital from January 2007 to December 2011 were assessed for the risk of cerebral infarction after TIA by ABCD2 score method,magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and carotid artery color Doppler imaging (CDFI).Cases were followed up on 2 d,7 d and 30 d for incidence of cerebral infarction.ResultsCerebral infarction occurred in 37 cases (6.40％),47 cases ( 8.13％ ) and 61 cases ( 10.55％ ) on day 2,day 7 and day 30.The occurrence of cerebral infarction after TIA in high risk group (35 cases ) by single ABCD2 score was found in 15 cases (42.86％ ),18 cases (51.43％) and 21 cases (60.00％) on day 2,day 7 and day 30.Twenty-eight cases (54.90％),31cases (60.78％ ),and 38 cases (74.51％ ) of patients after TIA with ABCD2 ＞ 3 and DWI positivity (51cases) suffered cerebral infarction on day 2,day 7 and day 30.Cerebral infarction occurred in 22 cases (61.11％),24 cases (66.67％ ) and 30 cases (83.33％) of patients with ABCD2 ＞ 3 points and cerebral artery stenosis (36 cases) on day 2,day 7 and day 30 after TIA.The occurrence of cerebral infarction after TIA on day 2,day 7 and day 30 were in 21 cases ( 60.00％ ),23 cases ( 65.71％ ),28 cases ( 80.00％ ) of the patients with ABCD2 ＞ 3 points and the carotid artery atheroma-caused bureaucratic stenosis (35 cases).There were no significant difference in the value of three methods to assess the risk of cerebral infarction in high-risk TIA groups (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionTIA patients can progress to cerebral infarction in the short term.There are some predictive value by ABCD2 score from 2 to 30 days for cerebral infarction occurring after TIA,but it is only a simple clinical assessment method.ABCD2 score ＞ 3 points must be combined with DWI,MRA,and other tests in high-risk patients to identify the risk of cerebral infarction,thus improving the accuracy of the prediction.The combined evaluation of TIA patients will help the clinicians give better treatment and decision to this group of patients
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Objective To explore the ability of ABCD2 score + Low density lipoprotein (LDL)(ABCD2L) in predicting early stroke risk after transient ischemic attack (TIA) . Method A total of 165TIA patients were evaluated and classified according to ABCD2 score and ABCD2L score. The occurrences of cerebral infarction were observed at 2th day or 7th day. ROC curve was used to compare the predictive vaule of two scores. Furthermore, according to these two scores, these patients were classified into three risk groups (low, moderate and high ), observed their stroke rate , and compared the differences of three groups with x2 test. Results The two-day risk of stroke was 13.33% and the seven-day risk of stroke was 20. 0% in 165 patients. When the occurrences of cerebral infarction were observed in two days, the area under the curves (AUC) of ABCD2 and ABCD2L was 0. 76 and 0. 80; observed in seven days, the AUC of two scores was 0. 73 and 0. 79. According to the risk stratification of ABCD2 score, in three risk groups,the two-day risk of stroke was 1.9%, 14. 9% and 30. 8%; the seven-day risk of stroke was 3. 8%, 21.8%and 46. 2% ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . According to the risk stratification of ABCD2 L score, the two-day risk of stroke was 0%, 7. 8% and 31.1% ; the seven-day risk of stroke was 0%, 12. 6% and 44. 4% ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusions The predictive accuracy of the ABCD2L score is significantly higher than that of ABCD2 score. Furthermore, individuals at high early risk of stroke after TIA can be identified according to the risk stratification of ABCD2L score.